Magneto.



A. H. NEULAND.

MAGNETO.

APPLICATION FILED IuLY 2I, ISI-3. IIENEWED IAN. 29,1917.

1,221,208. Patented Apr. 3, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

C (//MM/M/ A ITORNEI/S.

A. H. NEULAND.

Patented Apr.'3, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR. f7 /1/4-1/1, f7/VD BY ATTORNEYS.

MAGNETO.

APPLCAHON FILED JULY 2|, 1913- RENEWED 1AN.29|1917 1,221,208.

WITNESSES:

A. H. NEULAN.

MAGNETO.

APPLICATION man JULY 21,1913.. RENEWED 1AN.29,1917.

11,221,208. mem Apr. 3,1917,

5 SHEETS-SHEET-S.

WITNESSES N VEN TOR.

ATTORNEYS.

A, H. NEULAND.

l MAGNETO. APPLICATION FILED JULY 21.19I-3. RENEWED JAN. 25,1917.1,221,208.

Eatened Apr. 3, 191?.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

IN VEN TOR.

n. E N u M.. E fw Y B A. H. NEULAND.

MAGNETO.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21.1913- RENEWED JAN. 29. 1917- 1,221,208.Patented Apr. 3,1917.

u R5 SHTS-SHEET 5. z l L Q INVEN TOR. WITNESSES. /7 MF1/HND ATTORNEYS.

nr ernten.

ALFONS H. NEULAND, 0F SAN FBNCISC, ALIFGRNIA, ASSIGNOR T0 NEULD MAG--NETO CQMPNY, OFSAN FRANCISCO, CALFORNIA, CORPQR-TEON @F CALFGRNIA.

Maenn'ro.

Speeicaton of Letters Patent.

Application ille. July 21, 1913, Serial No.'780,l33. Renewed .l'anuary29, 191?. Serial No. 1425,305.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFoNs H. NEULAND, a. subject of the Czar of Russia,and a resident .of the city and county of San Francisco, State ofCalifornia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMagnetos, of Which the following is a specificat1on.

The invention relates to magnetos which are generally used in connectionwith internal combustion engines'to generate the elect-ric current forproducing the firing spark.

An object of the invention is to provide a magneto which will generate ahigh potential per. revolution at all speeds of revolution.

Another object of the invention -is to produce a high tension magneto ofsubstantially the same size as the magnetos now in general use, which iscapable ofproducing the desired spark and .current for illuminationpurposes.

' Another object of the invention is to provide a magneto which producesa high tension current in the ignition circuit and a low tension currentin the lighting circuit.-

Another object of the invention is to provide a magneto in which thetotal magnetic flux is reversed through a stationary high tension coil aplurality of times for each revolution of the revolving element.

A further object of the invention is to eliminate the use ofthe breakerin the ignition circuit. y

A' further object of the invention is to provide means in combinationwith the magneto for producing a proper distribution of the current tothe spark plugs vand illuminating circuit. l

The invention possesses other objects and advantageous features, whichwith the foregoing, will be set forth at length in the followingdescription, where I shall outline in full that form of the inventionwhich l have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying andforming part of the present specification. The novelty of the inventionwill be included in the claims succeeding said description. From this itwill be apparent that l do not limit myself to the showing made by suchdrawings and description, as I may adopt many variations Within thescope of my invention as Set forth in said claims.

. other type of magneto, the

Referring to the drawings.:

Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section through one type of themagneto of my invention.

Fig. 2 isa vertical longitudinal section on a larger scale of thedistributer and diverter.

Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the magneto taken on` the line 3 3, Fig. 1.

'Fig. t is a cross-section of the magneto taken onltheline r-t, Fig. l.v

Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section of another type of myinvention.

Fig. 6 is a cross-section of the type shown in Fig. 5 taken on the line6 6.

Fig. 7 is an end view lof thedistributer showing the position of thebrushes.

Fig. 8 is an end view of the diverter and timer.

Fig. 9 is a detail of the mechanismv for controlling the position of thediverter and timer.

Fig. 10 is a.v longitudinal section of ansurrounding frame beingomitted.

Fig. 11 is a section taken on the line 13-13 Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a section taken :i4-i4 Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is a section take 15-15 Fig. 1o. i

Fig. '14.- is a diagrammatic representation of the lighting and ignitioncircuits and the means for controlling the current in said circuits,only one branch of the ignition circuit being shown completed.

Fig. l5 is a longitudinal section of another type of magneto.

Fig. 16 is an end view of the magnet employed in the magneto shown inFig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a side view of the magnet.

Fig. 18 is a sect-ion taken through the line 20-20 Fig. 15.

llt is the present tendency in automobile practice to provide thevehicle with a com? plete electric light equipment and heretofore it hasbeen necessary to have a generator or battery for this purpose, besidesemploying a separate magneto for producing the required ignitioncurrent. The magneto ofmy invention is of an entirely distinct type fromthose now on the market, which on account of the high frequency of thegen# erated current is'capable of providing the on the line on the linerequired ignition and also providing sufiition a new result is obtained,namely, the

production of a high frequency current. Magnetos are now in use whichproduce a current of one cycle per revolution of the magneto shaft, butthe magneto of my invention is adapted to. produce a much greater numberof cycles, that shownin the drawings operating to produce a current ofthirty-four cycles per revolution.v I am aware that the magneto willoperate to proi duce the desired results when generating a current ofless than thirty-four cycles per revolution, in fact, it will beoperative as low as four cycles per revolution. Each cycle requires tworeversals of the magnetic flux through the coil for its production,making eight reversals for four cycles` Each type of magneto illustratedis preferably provided with two stationary coils surrounding the shaftthereof, and with the same distributing and commutating,mechanisms, thedifference being in the arrangement of the current generating means.Each type is provided with a suitable frame or housing 16 which inclosesthe magneto and provides a support for the bearings 17 of the magnetoshaft 18. The magneto is provided with a base 19, so that the presentmagneto may be readily substituted for others, without changing thedesign of the support there* fore, or may be readily attached to anysupport. IThe base 19 provides a support for the bearii gs 2l of thecountershaft 22 which is connected to the punlp shaft or cam shaft orother slitable rotating part of the internal combustion engine, whichparts or shafts usually rotate at the same speed as the crank e shaft.ln the present construction the magneto shaft isconnccted to thecounter-shaft 22 by means of the gears 23-24, so that it rotates attwice the speed of the countershaft.

The distributor 25 is arranged within the casing 2G and is looselymounted for rotation upon the sleeve 27 which preferably forms part ofthe casing 2G. The proper speed of rotation of the4 distributer withrelation to the speed ot the engine is obtained by means ol" the gea-rs28-29-30 and 31. Gear 28 is secured to the magnetoshaft and meshes withgear 29 which is loosely mounted on the stub-shaft 32. Secured to gear29- is gear 30 which is in mesh with gear 31 which spark plugs ofthe'engine.

is attached to the distributer. The proportions of these various gearsare such that the distributer makes one complete revolution for each twocomplete revolutions of the crank shaft of the engine. The distributeris designed to operate in conjunction with a four cylinder` four cycleengine, but it is evident that its construction may be varied to suitother forms of engines.

The distributer consists preferably of the fiberor hardl rubber drum 33in which is inserted a metal ring 34 having a radial offset 35, whichcomes in Contact successively with the brushes 36-37-38-39 arranged inthe holding disk 41. From each of these brushes a conductor extends toone of the The brush 42 connected to the generating coil of the mag'-neto contacts continuously with the metallic ring 34.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, I .employ four. permanentmagnets 43-444546 arranged in quadrature and firmly held in place in theframe. The magnets are arranged so that the corresponding ends of thesuccessive magnets are of opposite polarity, thereby presenting at eachend oi the magneto two northpoles and two south poles, the like polesoccurring diametrically opposite each other. Secured to ends of themagnets and holding them in place in the frame are sector shaped plates47-48-49-50 corresponding in shape to the cross section of'each magnet.As far as the passage of the'magnetic flux is concerned, these sectorshaped plates may be considered as the faces of the magnets and arelnagnetized in the same direction as the contacting' ends of themagnets, that is, at each end of the magneto there are two positivelymagnetized plates andtwo negatively magnetized plates. Each plate isprovided with a. plurality of radially extending teeth 51, all of theteethbeing of the same size and pitch. 'The plates are spaced apartcircumferentially so that an airi'gap is provided between the ends Aoi"the successive magnets. The end teeth on 'the adjacent ends of twoadjacent plates are spaced apart from each other, from center to centera distance equal to one-half a tooth pitch, or an odd multiple ofone-half the tooth pitch, for reasons which will hereinafter appear.

Fixed on the magneto shaft is a core 52' to which are attached at theopposite ends the plates or disks 53-54 which lie adjacent to and rotatein a plane parallel with the plane of 'the plates 47-*48-49-5Q Thesedisks 53-54 are providedy on their faces adjacent the plates 47, 48, 49,5'0 with radially extending teeth 55, spaced evenly i circumterentiallyand of the same pitch as the teeth on any of the poles 47, 48, 49, 50.These disks 53-54 operate tol open4 and izo . close the Various magneticcircuits, and

thereby cause a reversal of the flux through the core 52, and maybetermed rotors.

It is evident from the arrangement of the teeth on the pole-pieces 47,48, 49, 50 and on the rotors, that when the teeth on the rotors arecoincident with or in juxtaposition with the teeth on two pole-pieces ofthe same sign, they are staggered with relation to the teeth on thepole-pieces of the oppos ite sign. The two rotors are arranged on thecore in such manner that when the teeth of rotor 53 are coincident withthe teeth on .one end of one magnet, the teeth on rotor 54 from the core52 so that a large space surrounding the core is available for thewinding, thereby permitting a large number of suitably insulated turnsin the winding, and consequently the generation of a high tensioncurrent. The highb tension coil 60 is suitably arranged in the space andis spaced slightly from the core 52 so that it remains stationary. Onaccount of the large number of reversals of fiuX per revolution, in

Y the present instance there being sixty-eight,

and since the duration ofthe spark used for ignition is of shortduration, it is evident that it is necessary to employ only a smallnumber of the impulses generated in the coil for sparking purposes.

'lhe high tension current generated is not generally suitableforlilluminating electric lamps which operate at a comparatively lowvoltage, and when it is desirable to use the magneto as a source ofsupply for lighting a. low tension winding 56 of fewer turns of heavierwire may be arranged adjacent the high tension coil. The low tensioncoil is connected to the electric lamps 57 (Fig. 14) through the circuit58 in which is arranged the diverter and timer 59, which operates toopen the lighting circuit at the proper time to cause sparking in thecylinder. The diverter and timer 59 is mounted on the mag-l neto shaft18 and revolves at four times the speed of the distrbuter. The diverterand ltimer consists of a metallic drum 61 having an insert 62 ofinsulating material arranged therein which operates to open the lightingcircuit, once for each revolution of the magneto shaft. Contacting withthe face of the drum and su ported in a suitable holder 63 are thebrusli es 64-65 which are suitablyinsulated from each other. The brush64 is made narrower-than the insulation insert 52, and the brush 65 ismade wider than the lnsert so that the circuit is broken but once foreach revolution of the drum. The div ersion of the generated energy fromthe llghting circuit to the ignition circuit and vice versa isaccomplished as follows: The number of turns in the high tension coil ischosen so as to cause the reversing flux to generate a suii'icientpotential difference to break down the air gap of the spark plugs whenthe lighting ci-rcuit is opened. The low tension winding is proportionalto possess a reactance such that the potential difference on opencircuit is a number of times (say five times) greater than Whenconnected to the lights. Therefore, when the diverter closes thelighting circuit, the potential difference in the low tension coil aswell as in the high tension coil drops to a fraction of its open circuitvalue with the result that there is not sufficient potential in the hightension circuit to force the current across the gap in the spark plug.The voltage in the low tension coil also drops to that required'bythelights. 1

0n account of the rapid reversals of the flux, the potential gener :dedin the high tension winding is great, thereby eliminating the necessityof a breaker as commonly employed in magnetos of the present type.

Since the time of sparking is controlled by the time of opening of thelow tension circuit, it is evident that the timing of the spark may bevaried by varying the position of the brushes 611-65. This isaccomplished by making the vbrush holder 63 movable circumferentially tovary the time of opening of the lighting circuit. Attached to the brushholder is a plate 68 to which is pivoted at the center the arm 69, whichis connected to the spark control lever. The

arm is provided with an elongated slot 7l engaging a screw 72 in theplate 68 so that the arm has a slight movement independent of the plate.In order to prevent sparking at the small diverter brush as the circuitis broken, the opening of the circuit should be coincident with theinstant of substantially no voltage in the circuit, or at the instantthat the electromotive force curve crosses the zero axis. In the presentconstruction in which there are sixty-eight reversals of the flux orsixty-eight electromotive force impulses, for each revolution of themagneto shaft, it is evident that there are sixty-eight positions of thebrush holder at which no sparking will occur. In order to insure thepositioning of the brushes in one of these positions I have provided.the fixed -disk 73 provided with a plurality of indentations, and havearranged on the plate 68 a spring 74 having a bent Iportion adapted toseat in one of the to occupy The s `otted connection between the arm andplate 68 allows the plate to spring forward the position desi nated bythe l adjacent indentation. Since t ere are sixt u eight reversals ofthe current the disk 3 may be provided with sixty-eight indentavtionsallowing sixty-eight4 adjustments, or

it may be provided with thirty-four inden= tations, one for eachcycle,or with a lesser number.

ln the circuits shown in Fig. 14' I have indicated the low tension coilconnected directly to two lamps, but it is evident that a greater numberof lamps may be employed, and that switches may be provided forcontrolling the various lamps. It is also evident that a storage batteryconsisting of a rectiiiying cell and storage cells may be suitablyconnected to the lighting circuit, so that the battery may be chargingwhen the engine is running and the lights are not in use, and may bedischarging when the lights are in use and the engine is not running.

The magneto shown in Figs. 5 and 6- is a type which gives the sameresults as that heretofore described. The rotors consist of the twostationary laminated cylinders 81-82 having regularly spaced teeth 88 ontheir inner surfaces, which extend parallel to the axis ci the magnetoshaft. The magnets consist of two laminated cylinders 84-85 mountedul'plon the core 52, and provided on their outer surfaces with teeth 86,arrangedparallel to the teeth 83. Each lamination consists of a plate 87divided into four sectors 91-92-93-94 by slots 95, and the successive`sectors are magnetized in opi `posite directions. The spacing of theteeth on the sectors and the position of the teeth on one Vsector withregard to the other is the same 'as lhas beenv hereinbefore set forth.The'high and low tension coils are stationary and are arranged betweenthe two rotors and between the two groups of magnets S34- 8.5.

In the construction shown in Figs. 10 and 13 inclusive the magnets 101are sta'- tionary and are arranged so that the north ends abut at oneend and the south ends at the other. The magnets are preferably madesemicircular in form and are assembled to form a cylinder. .Arrangedwithin the cylinder at the opposite ends thereotare the laminatedApole-pieces 102-103-104-105 It is evident that these pole-pieces andmagnets may be formed of integral laminations instead of separately whendesired. The pole-pieces 102 and 104 adjoining the north polespf themagnets are positive oles and the pole-pieces 103 and 105 adjoining thesouth poles of the magnets are negative poles. The pole-pieces aretoothed as hereinbe'fore described, the teeth on pole-piece 102 beingalined with the teeth on pole-prece 104, and the teeth on pole-piece 103bem Valined with the teeth on pole-piece 10 The teeth on each pole-pieceare re larlyspaced, and the end ,teeth on the a jacentshaft are therotors 107-108 provided on t their circumferential faces with regularlyspaced teeth 109 of the same pitch as the teeth on the pole-pieces. Therotors are alined with the pole-pieces and are arranged on the shaft sothat the teeth on one rotor are alined with the slots on the other, thais, one rotor is one-half tooth pitch in advance of 'the other. When theteeth on rotor 107 are coincident with the teeth on polepiece 102, "theteeth on rotor 108 are alincd with the teeth on pole-piece 105, and therotor teeth are staggeredv with relation to 'the teeth on the otherpole-pieces. The mag netic circuit is, therefore, completed between themagnets, the pole-piece 102, flux vaive 107 the magneto shaft, rotor108, pole-piece and the conducting core 106, the iux i passing from leftto right through the coils. A. rotation of the rotors'through a distanceequal tolone-half tooth pitch brings the rotor teeth in juxtapositionwith the teeth on pole-pieces 104.-103 causing the flux to pass in theopposite direction.` It is evident that the same result can be obtainedby alining the teeth on the two rotors and advancing the teeth onpole-pieces 104 and 105 onehalf tooth pitchv with respect to the teethon pole-pieces 102 and 103.

In Figs. 15 to 18 inclusive I have illustrated another type of magnetowhich is i simpler and cheaper of construction .than those heretoforedescribed. The magnet 112 is formed in one 'pice in the shape of a ringand is magnetized to produce a north and south pole on each face. Thepoles 113-- 114-115-116 are each provided with a plurality of radiallyextending teeth 117, the teeth being of the same pitch and the adjacentteeth on two poles being s aced a art a distance equal to an odd mutiple o onehalf the tooth pitch as has been hereinbefore set forth. Themagnet is provided with annular depressed portions 118 adjacent thefaces, onto which the caps 119 forming the magneto frame are pressed.The magneto shafu 118 bears in these caps and has secured thereto therotors 121-122 having teeth 123 adapted to coincide alternately with theteeth on the poles. Poles 113 and 115 are positive poles and poles-'114and 116 are negative poles, and the rotors are sov arranged withrelation to the teeth on the poles, so that when the teeth on rotor 121are alined with the teeth on pole-piece 113, the teeth on rotor 122 arealined with the teeth on pole-piece 116. In. this position the teeth onthe rotors are staggered With relation to the teeth on poles 11eL and115. The

l flux, therefore, passes from pole 113 through 114 and 115, producing aluX through the coils from right to left. The ux is, therefore, reversedthrough the coils, once for each movement of a half tooth pitch, crtwice for each tooth pitch. In the present drawings I have shown therotors provided with thirty-four teeth each, thereby producingsixty-eight impulses in the coil for each revolution of the magnetoshaft. The types of magnetos shown in the drawings-permit of theproduction of a high tension ignition current by direct induction, byalternating a magnetic flux at a veryhigh rate' through a coil of many.turns situated on the magneto itself, which coil is of circular shapeand lends itself to thorough insulation. 0n account of the highv rate ofchange of the flux through the coil, the generated electromotive forceisigreat, thereby causing the elimination of the breaker which isordinarily employed. Furthermore, on account of the high frequency,timing within any desired limits may be obtained without in the leastdecreasing the intensity of the spark. Besides theseadvantages themagneto also produces sufiicient current to illuminate the electriclamps simultaneously with producing the proper ignition in the engine.

1. In a -magneto, the combination of a plurality of circumferentiallyarranged toothed pole pieces arranged in pairs, the pairs being spacedapart longitudinally, 'circumferentially arranged magnets spanning fromone pair of longitudinallyspaced polepieces to the circumferentiallyadjacent pair, a rotatable shaft, a toothed rotor on said shaft,rotation' of the rotor serving to shift the flux from the magnets fromone polepiece to a longitudinally adjacent pole-piece, whereby thereluctance of the iux path is maintained substantially constant and theflux parallelv to the shaft is reversed and a coil arranged to betraversed by said reversing flux.

2. In a high tension, high frequency magneto, a plurality of permanentmagnets having toothed pole-pieces, a rotor having a plu rality of teethadapted to move relatively to `the; pole-pieces in a plane 'adjacentsaid toothed pole-pieces, each successive polepiece being of oppositepolarity to the iml mediately preceding pole-piece and the teeth on thepole-pieces and on the rotor being arranged so that the rotor teeth arecoincident successively with the teeth on the successive pole-pieces.

8. In a magneto, a plurality of magnets having circumferentially spacedtoothed 4pole-pieces, pairs of said pole-pieces of opposite sign beingspaced apart longitudinally, a toothed rotor arranged in the plane ofeach pole-piece pair arranged to rotate' relatively to the pole-pieces,thev teeth on the pole-pieces and rotors being arranged so that theteeth on each rotor coincide-alternately with the teeth on thepole-pieces of each pair, so that when the teeth on one rotor coincidewith. the teeth on a pole-piece .in one pair of one sign, the teeth onthe other rotor coincide with the teeth on a pole-piece of opposite signin the other pair, anda coil arranged intermediate' the pole-pieces.

. 4. In a magneto, a plurality of permanent magnets producing a magneticflux, toothed pole pieces on said magnets, a revoluble shaft arrangedWithin said magnets, toothed rotors secured to said shaft, the teeth onthe rotors being so arranged with relation to the .teeth on the polepieces that a plurality of successive teeth on each rotor are alinedwith a plurality of successive pole piece teeth and a plurality ofsuccessive teeth on 4each rotor are' staggered with a plurality ofsuccessive pole piece teeth, the teeth being so arranged that rotationof the rhtorsservcs to reverse the direction of the flux through saidshaft and a coil surrounding the shaft at that part in which the flux isreversed.

5. In amagneto, a permanent magnet producing a magnetic flux, twotoothed polepieces at each pole of said magnet, the polepieces ofopposite sign occurring in the same plane, and the planes of the twopoles being spaced apart long'tudinally, a rotatable shaft arrangedconcentrically with respect to said pole-pieces, means for revers-A ingthe direction of the flux longitudinally through-said'shaft, and a coilsurrounding -said shaft and arranged between the planes of thetwo-poles. 6. Ina magneto, a permanent magnet producing a magnetic fiux,two toothed polesaid shaft, rotation of said rotors serving to reversethe direction of the flux; longi tudinally through said shaft, and acoil surrounding said shaft. and arranged between the planes of thetwo-poles.

7 In a magneto, a permanent magnet producing a ma netic flux, twotoothed polepieces at eac pole of said magnet, polepieces of oppositesign occurring in the same plane, and the planes of the two poles beingspaced 'apart longitudinally, a rotatable shaft arranged concentricallywith respect to said pole-pieces, toothed rotors on said shaft saidrotors being arranged so that when the teeth of one rotor are alinedwith the teeth on a pole-piece of one mlaritgT in one pole plane, theteeth on the other rotor are alined with the teeth of a pole-piece ofopposite polarity in the other pole plane, rotation of said rotorsserving to reverse the direction of the dus: 'through said shaft, and acoil surrounding said shaft and arranged between said pole planes.

8 In a magneto, a plurality of magnets arranged. withl their lilrepolesadje-cent toothed pole-pieces at opposite ends of said magnets, therebeing two pole-pieces of the saine polarity at each end, a toothed partrotor arranged ccncentricallg7 'wit pclepieces, each rotor part facingone tive and one negatiif'e pole-piece', a i on which said rotor ismounted, the teeth on the rotor being so arranged with respect to theteeth on the polopicces, that a tion of the shaft will cause the Hun tohe reversed longitudinally through the shaft., and a coil surroundingsaid shaft arranged between the two parts of the rotor.

9. In a dynamo electric machine, a twon part toothed rotor, the twoparts being magnetically connected, at least one pair of toothedpole-'pieces surrounding each rotor part, the pole-pieces of each pairlying in.

a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor9 magnetsassociated with said pole-pieces,4 A'and a coil arranged hctween thepairs of pole-pieces, rotation ci? the rotors serving to produce analternati of the' flux through said coil.

10. In a dynamo electric machine, a two 'part toothed rotor7 the twoparts being two longitudinally separated magnetically.

connected toothed pole pieces at each pole of said niagnet'estahlishingtwo longii'sudip nallyV spaced planes-of pole-pieces, i plane includingat least one pair of piecess j e circuinierentially adjacent L piecebeing" of opposite polarity a twoniagnetically connected toothed rotorcplrosine said pole pieces, movement oi' rotor iria-tive to thepolepieces servir f' shift the magnetic ux of the magnets il l. one polepiece a longitudinally adjacent pole-piece?, whereby the magnetic finirreversed a path parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor withoutsuhstantifl y clinging the reluctance of the inagn paih, and coilsurrounding the path of tl alternating flux.

ln testimony whereof, l have hereunto set my hand at San Francisco?Cafiiarnia7 this lth day ci' July i913.

jill-FUN@ El, NEULANB. ln presence or` il. (ln Fries-r, lvl. lin Conan

